Object-Oriented Data Structures # WEEK01 : C++ variable, Class,Libraries

1.1 C++ Introduction

 

two types of variable that we can have in C++

• Primmitive (6): common primitive types in C++
  • int : stores integers
  • char : stores single characters/single byte
  • bool : stores a Boolean (T/F)
  • float. : stores a floating point number
  • double : stores a double-precision floating point number
  • void : denotes the abseneces of a value
• User-defined (2) : 
  • string : secquence of characters
  • vector : dynamically-growing array

how to start C++ program

By. the C++ standard, the starting point is a function.

• int main() 
  • if the program was successful, return value of main is 0
  • fail, non-zero on errors

Which really powerful at C++ is when we start our own custom data type

 

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1.2 C++ Classes

 

C++ classes encapsulate ( associate) data and associated functionality into an single object.

1. In C++, data and functionality are seperated into two seperate protections: public and private.
   • public members can be accessed by (anyone) client code.
   • private members cannot be accessed by client code(only used within the class itself)
2. In C++, the interface(.h file) to the class is defined seperately from the implementation(.cpp file)
   • header file(.h) defines the interface to the class, which includs
     • declaration of all member variables
     • declaration of all member functions
      

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1.3 C++'s Standard Library(std)

 

C++ standard library (std or stl, standard template library)

provides a set of commonly used functionality and data structures to build upon.

 

1. iostream
   • iostream header includes operations for reading/writing to files and the console itself
     • including std::cout
      

 

Namespaces allow us to avoid name conflicts for commonly used names.

 

if a feature from a namespace is used often, it can be imported into the global space with using:

매번 std::를 쓰기 싫다면

 

generally, good to minimize using keyword,

'using'makes less clear what you exactly write.

 

 

# using

cube c 를 uiuc namespace에 넣었다.

 

A "cube" is rather generic-hundreds of cube-based data structures exist!

We will be specific about our Cube and specify that our CUbe is within the uiuc namespace;

cube encapsulated into uiuc namespace